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第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
    阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑．                     A
Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.
Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.
Ten healthy volunteers(志愿者) were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs.
The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity(神经活动), which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.
21. According to Professor Barnes, theobromine ______.
A. cannot be as effective as codeine
B. can be harmful to people’s health
C. cannot be separated from chocolate
D. can be a more effective cure for coughs
22. What was used in the experiment to cause coughing?
   A. Theobromine.  B. Codeine.  C. Capsaicin.  D. Placebo.
23. We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment _____.
   A. were patients with bad coughs
   B. were divided into the three groups
   C. received standard treatments
   D. suffered little side effects
24. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
   A. Codeine: A New Medicine        B. Chocolate May Cure Coughs
   C. Cough Treatment: A Hard Case    D. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs
B
Parents often believe that they have a good relationship with their teenagers．But last summer，Joanna and Henry noticed a change in their older son：suddenly he seemed to be talking more to his friends than to his parents．“The door to his room is always shut，”Joanna noted．
Tina and Mark noticed similar changes in their 14-year-old daughter．“She used to cuddle up(蜷伏)with me on the sofa and talk，”said Mark．“Now we joke that she does this only when she wants something．Sometimes she wants to be treated like a 1ittle girl and sometimes like a young lady．The problem is figuring out which time is which．”   
Before age 11，children like to tell their parents what’s on their minds．“In fact，parents are first on the list，”said Michael Riera，author of Uncommon Sense for Parents with Teenagers．“This completely changes during the teen years，”Riera explained．“They talk to their friends first，then maybe their teachers，and their parents last．”
Parents who know what’s going on in their teenagers’ lives are in the best position to help them．To break down the wall of silence，parents should create chances to understand what their children want to say，and try to find ways to talk and write to them．And they must give their children a mental break，for children also need freedom，though young．Another thing parents should remember is that to be a friend，not a manager，with their children is a better way to know them.
25．“The door to his room is always shut”suggests that the son________.
   A．is always busy with his studies     B．is angry with his parents
   C．keeps himself away from his parents D．begins to dislike his parents
26．What troubles Tina and Mark most is that_______.
   A．their daughter isn’t as lovely as before
   B．they can’t read their daughter’s mind exactly
   C．they don’t know what to say to their daughter
   D．their daughter has grown up so quickly
27．Which of the following best explains“the wall of silence”in the last paragraph?
   A．Teenagers do not talk much with their parents．
   B．Teenagers do not want to understand their parents．
   C．Teenagers talk a lot with their friends．
   D．Teenagers talk much about their own lives．
28．What can be learned from the passage?
   A．Parents are unhappy with their growing children．
   B．Parents have suitable ways to talk with their teenagers．
   C．Parents should force their children to talk with them．
   D．Parents should try to understand their teenagers．
C
Climate researchers met recently in Cameroon to talk about threats to Africa’s land and animals．They said they believe the continent may lose a large number of its animal and plant species by the end of this century. They blame the expected losses on the warming of earth，population growth and unrestricted development．
The researchers represent 20 African，American and European universities．They say countries in south of the Saharan desert are losing forest faster than any place on earth．Wood companies are cutting down trees to meet growing demand from China，Europe and the United States．
The population is growing at 3 percent per year．There are now homes，factories and farms on land that once was forest．Climate change also continues to threaten species．
Thomas Smith is the director of the Center for Tropical Research at the University of California．“With a 1.5 degree rise in global temperature，Africa may lose 30 percent of its animals and plants．And unfortunately with the increase in CO₂ that has been now judged to be up to three degrees in terms of rising global temperatures-that means we may lose 40 percent of all animals in Africa by the end of the century，”said Smith．
The African chimpanzee is one such animal at risk．Mary Katherine Gonder studies chimpanzees in the Congo Basin．She says the forest home is disappearing．She also says hunters continue to kill the animals to sell as food．“What will happen over the next 20 years，the distribution of those chimpanzees will change．Their habitat(栖居地)will change fundamentally and they will no longer be around．The habitat for those chimpanzees will be gone，”said Gonder．
Thomas Smith of the University of California says it’s possible to develop Africa and care for the environment at the same time．“With these challenges，we need to develop green economies．For example，we are working with parties here to develop new ways of providing green jobs，for example areas that you can preserve，like forests，and at the same time produce crops that are appropriate for people to sell and to eat.” said Smith.
29. Why are countries in south of the Saharan desert losing forest faster than any place on earth?
   A. Climate change continues to threaten forests.
   B. People there cut trees to make fire.
   C. Trees are being cut to satisfy great countries’ increasing need.
   D. Wood companies want to help China，Europe and the USA.
30. What can we infer from Gonder’s words in Paragraph 5?
   A. Chimpanzees will be gone in the next 20 years.
   B. Chimpanzees’habitat may disappear one day.
   C. The forest home of Chimpanzees has already disappeared.
   D. The African chimpanzee is one such animal at risk.
31. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?   
   A. We need to balance nature and people’s needs.
   B. It’s impossible to develop Africa and preserve nature.
   C. We are facing a very large number of challenges.
   D. It’s more important to provide for economic needs.
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