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第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在表格中的横线上填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。
The Case For and Against Homework
Homework is typically defined as any tasks “assigned to students by school teachers that are meant to be carried out during nonschool hours”. Teachers should not abandon homework. Instead, they should improve its instructional quality. Homework has been a constant topic of debate in education. Throughout the first few decades of the 20th century, educators commonly believed that homework helped create disciplined minds. By 1940, growing concern that homework interfered with other home activities sparked a reaction against it. Since then, arguments for and against homework have continued to multiply.
A number of synthesis studies have been conducted on homework, including a broad range of methodologies and levels of specificity. Two meta-analyses by Cooper and colleagues are the most comprehensive. They concluded that the relationship between homework and student achievement was found to be positive and significant. Doing homework causes improved academic achievement.
Although the research support for homework is powerful, the case against homework is popular. The authors of How Homework Is Hurting Our Children and What We Can Do About It criticized both the quantity and quality of homework. They provided evidence that too much homework harms students' health and family time. Inappropriate homework may produce little or no benefit. They insisted that teachers reduce the amount of homework and avoid homework over breaks and holidays.
One of the more controversial issues in the homework debate is the amount of time students should spend on homework. Researchers have offered various recommendations. For example, 5 to 10 minutes per subject might be appropriate for 4th graders, whereas 30 to 60 minutes might be appropriate for college-bound high school students.
Another question regarding homework is the extent to which schools should involve parents. Some studies have reported minimal positive effects or even negative effects for parental involvement. Experts recommend interactive homework in which parents receive clear guidelines spelling out their role and teachers do not expect parents to act as experts regarding content or to attempt to teach the content. Especially useful for parent-child relation purposes are assignments calling for students to show or explain their written work or other products completed at school to their parents and get their reactions or to interview their parents to develop information about parental experiences or opinions relating to topics studied in social studies.
Finally，assignments should cause students and their parents or other family members to become engaged in conversations that relate to the academic curriculum and thus extend the students' learning.
 
第五部分：书面表达（满分 25分）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文
Occasionally, We are faced with challenges and events that can seem overwhelming and life-destroying to the point where it may be hard to decide whether to keep going.
But why do I talk about the benefits of difficulties? Simply because it meant a stripping away of the inessential. I stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other than what I was, and began to direct all my energy into finishing the only work that mattered to me. Had I really succeeded at anything else, I might never have found the determination to succeed in the one field I truly belonged to.
Difficulty taught me things about myself that I could have learned no other way. I discovered that I had a strong will, and more discipline than I had suspected; I also found out that I had friends whose value was truly above the price of pearls and jewels.
 [写作内容]
1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2. 以约120个词谈谈你是如何克服困难的，内容包括：
（1）你亲身经历的一件困难的事。
（2）解决此事的具体方法或原因。
（3）你对于如何解决问题或困难的建议。
[写作要求]
1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。
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