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Scientists are debating how to limit their newly-discovered power to change genetic structure (结构). Scientists already modify the genes (基因) of farm animals and agricultural plants to make them more productive or stronger. But now they can also change genes in wild animals and plants. These genes would continue into later generations. For example, it may be possible for scientists to remove from existence the kind of mosquitoes, small flying insects, that carry the Zika virus. They might also be able to permanently remove species (物种) of plants and animals that are damaging to other species.
     In a report published last week, the U. S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NAS) said it supports continued research on this kind of gene control. But it warned that it is not possible to know what will happen when these changed plants and animals are released (释放) into the wild.
    Sixteen biologists, ethicists (伦理学家) and policymakers are on an NAS committee that is examining the issue. They say that there is value to the new technology. But, they say, there is not enough evidence to support the release of modified organisms (生物体) from the laboratory into nature.
    Many people would support stopping mosquitoes and rats from carrying diseases. But scientists say we must understand the possible scientific, ethical, legal and social results of such action before we decide whether to take it. Gene modification is spread through reproduction (繁殖).
   Changed genes will continue to spread as long as an animal or plant continues to reproduce. They cannot be limited to a farm or kept within a country's borders. Scientists are wondering what may happen if a modified organism mates with another species. They are not yet sure how the modified genes would affect the other species. It is possible that those genes could harm those creatures or even lead to their disappearance from our planet.
62. What possible advantage does gene control in wild animals and plants have?
   A. Changing the Zika virus permanently.
   B. Getting rid of damaging species forever.
   C. Having the changed genes in their next generations.
   D. Making all the species more productive and stronger.
63. As for genetically changed wild animals and plants, what are scientists worried about?
   A. They may become weaker or die out.
   B. They may be more productive than before.
   C. They may cause damage to their living habitat.
   D. Their genes may spread to later generations.
64. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
   A. Scientists are certain what exact results gene modification leads to.
   B. Gene modification can benefit some farm animals and agricultural plants.
   C. Scientists won't modify any genes before they make the final decision.
   D. Gene modification will be encouraged in more creatures in the near future.
 
65. The article is mainly intended to ______.
   A. appeal against research on gene control
   B. show how to change genetic structure
   C. inform us of power and danger of gene control
   D. give the reason why gene modification is necessary
 
D
For many years, scholars have regarded My Mortal Enemy as somewhat of an enigma. Written in only a few months during the early spring of 1925 and published in 1926, Willa Cather’s shortest novel was sandwiched in between The Professor’s House (1925) and Death Comes for the Archbishop (1927). While the subject matter of these latter two works can be traced to Cather’s experience in the desert Southwest, My Mortal Enemy seemingly has nothing to do with these subjects or her Nebraska roots; it appears to have come out of nowhere, puzzling those who have tried to fit this rather irregular work into a logical progression of Cather’s artistic development. The question of what caused Cather to write such a novel at this point in her career, for example, has still not been answered definitively. One commonly held hypothesis (假说) was first voiced by Marcus Klein, who in his 1961 introduction to the novel wrote that for Cather, “The story of Myra Henshawe must have been a personal crisis”. Klein, though, acknowledged that he could not prove his theory, “because there is available no record other than the novel”. Emmy Stark Zitter has recently argued that in My Mortal Enemy and Sapphira and the Slave Girl (1940) Cather exercises the autobiographical impulse (冲击) by putting details of her own life into her fiction, but, like Klein, she is unable to name which “details” of her life Cather drew on in writing My Mortal Enemy.
As hinted (暗示) in the above statements by Klein and Zitter, much of the general uncertainty about the meaning of My Mortal Enemy can be traced to the absence of a persuasive theory as to who the real-life models for the novel’s characters were and what Cather’s relationship to them was. Cather herself wrote in a 1940 letter that, in James Woodress’s paraphrase, “she had known Myra’s real-life model very well, and the portrait drawn in the story was much as she remembered her”; Cather also added that the woman had died fifteen years before My Mortal Enemy was published, and that many relatives of this model later wrote to her to say that they recognized the “real” Myra from her description in the novel. Given such hints and Cather’s liking for drawing on her experiences in Nebraska for characters, settings, and plots, it is quite understandable that scholars have thus looked to Red Cloud and Lincoln for possible sources of the people and events depicted in My Mortal Enemy.
In light of the evidence presented in this article, though, I believe that Cather intended her comments about the model for Myra Henshawe to serve as red herrings (转移注意力的言语) that would protect her relationship with the couple who were the prototypes (原型) for the Henshawes, both of whom were still alive in 1925. Mark Madigan has recently confirmed how Cather in 1905 had to hold off publishing “The Profile (传略)” because of fears that the main character might recognize herself and commit suicide, and twenty years later Cather would have been well aware of how her description of the Henshawes might have affected both the real-life wife (who died in 1929) and husband (who died in 1949) if they had recognized themselves. It is my argument that the Henshawes were modeled after people Cather knew not in Nebraska but rather in New York: S. S. and Hattie McClure. Myra’s uncle, John Driscoll, was modeled after Hattie’s father, Professor Albert Hurd.
Possibly most important, identifying the Henshawes as the McClures allows us to more conclusively identify Cather herself with Nellie Birdseye. Nellie and Cather, both Midwestern onlookers and recorders, experienced four distinct stages in their relationships with the Henshawes and the McClures (especially with S. S.) My Mortal Enemy, I believe, was an extended attempt by Cather to deal with certain aspects of her own past and to move on in a world stripped of romantic illusion.
66. The underlined word “enigma” in Paragraph 1 means “______”.
   A. adaptation B. abstract C. best-seller D. mystery
67. Cather didn’t have My Mortal Enemy published immediately ______.
   A. so as not to annoy the relatives of the prototype for Myra
   B. for fear that the prototype for Myra should be badly hurt
   C. because she meant to polish it by adding some new material
   D. because she was forbidden to do so by the real-life couple
68. We can infer from the passage that ______.
A. Myra Henshawe is particularly true to her prototype
   B. Cather had a good relationship with the real-life model
   C. the writer considers My Mortal Enemy as a great work
   D. scholars will put an end to their argument about the novel
69. In the passage, the writer ______.
   A. restored the truth behind Myra B. presented his own hypothesis
   C. made a revision to Zitter’s idea D. renewed part of Klein’s fiction
70. The proper title for the passage is ______.
   A. Uncovering Cather’s personal secret B. Unlocking the scholars’ imagination
   C. Unfolding the plot of My Mortal Enemy D. Unmasking Cather’s “mortal enemy”
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