C

We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job. This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech.

So, you have to give a speech—and you’re terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble(结巴)over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank goodness, it’s over. I’m just not good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”

Cheer up! It doesn’t have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of time doing your research. Then spend plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they will help you make your points more clearly. Never forget your audience. Don’t talk over their heads, and don’t talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.

Just remember: be prepared. Know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.

If you follow these simple steps, you’ll see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You’re not convinced yet? Give it a try and see what happens.

28. Which of the statements is true?

A. Many people hope they never make a speech.

B. Spending plenty of time organizing your subject is unnecessary

C. You can ignore your audience during your speech.

D. Being prepared can help you make a good speech.

29. What does paragraph 2 tell the readers?

A. many people have the skills on how to give a speech

B. many people bore their audience during their speech

C. many people prepare for a speech

D. many people are afraid of giving a speech

30. The underlined “talk over their heads” refers to .

A. speak too slowly B. look at the ceiling

C. speak too difficultly D. speak too easily

31. The main idea of this article is that .

A. It is difficult to make a speech

B. speech takes places often

C. You should talk too long

D. You can improve your speech ability

D

It’s amazing that children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee (裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don’t care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.
　　Grown-ups can hardly find children’s game exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple game again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.
　　It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.

32. Which statement is true about children when they play games? 
A. They don’t care about whether the game is finished or not. 
　 B. They can test their personal abilities.
C. They want to pick a better team. 
　 D. They don’t need rules.

33. With the purpose of becoming a leader in a game, the child has to _________.
A. be a useful partner B. wait for his turn
C. be confident in himself D. be popular among his playmates
34.The reason why a child likes playing games is that_________.
A. he can be more than himself.
B. he can become popular among friends.
C. he finds he is always lucky in games.
D. he likes the place where he plays a game.
35. The best title for this passage is________.
A. Playing Games Does Little Good to Children. 
B. Advantages of Playing Games for Children
C. Reasons for Children’s Games 
D. How to Be a Popular Game Player

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