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C
The desert tortoise is found in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts in North America．It is listed as an endangered species under the United States federal Endangered Species Act and is considered“vulnerable”by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)． Despite the laws that protect them，their numbers are still on the decline．
The desert tortoise in the areas has lived for thousands of years．This animal is able to survive ground temperature over 140℉ and is known to live as long as 60 to 80 years．However，ninety-five percent of the life of a desert tortoise is spent in the ground escaping the heat in a hole or passage in the ground．Holes can be easily destroyed by off-highway vehicles that do not stay on built roads．Disasters also occur when they seek shade under parked cars．
Desert tortoises are also harmed by several diseases such as the upper respiratory tract disease often found in adopted tortoises．Pet owners’ releasing sick tortoises into the wild has resulted in diseases being spread to wild tortoises．
The desert tortoise feeds on a dune (沙丘) primrose during spring．Non-native Sahara mustard (芥菜) seen in the background is a weed that competes with the native plants for water and nutrients．In some areas，mustard grows so densely that it is nearly impossible for desert tortoises to pass through．Vehicles，which do not stay on built roads and do not get washed frequently，contribute to spreading weeds．
Rubbish，such as burst balloon，is a danger to desert tortoises．The balloon can be mistaken for food by desert tortoises and，once consumed，may remain in the stomachs and intestines giving them a false sense of fullness that may cause them to starve．
28．What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Easily harmed.     B．Very useful.
C． Well protected.     D．Hardly noticed.
29．Why does the desert tortoise spend most of its time underground?
A．To save energy for a long life．
B．To escape cross-country vehicles.
C．To shelter themselves from other animals.
D．To protect themselves from the heat．
30．What can we learn about the tortoise?
A．It digests split balloon easily．     B．It lives on native plants．
C．It can fill itself up with burst balloon．   D．It promotes the growth of mustard．
31．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Protection of the Desert Tortoise
B．A Sharp Decline in Tortoise Number
C．Dangers the Desert Tortoise is Facing
D．A Bad Effect Vehicles Have on Tortoise
 
D
Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and The Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables（乘法口诀表）are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one’s future development.
32. What is the main idea of paragraph 1?
A. Stories for children are easy to remember.
B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C. People remember well what they learned in childhood.
D. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
33. The author explains the law of overlearning by________.
A. presenting research findings
B. making a comparison
C. using examples
D. setting down general rules
34. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is_______.
A. a special case of cramming
B. a result of overlearning
C. a skill to deal with math problems
D. a basic step towards advanced studies
35. What is the author’s opinion on cramming?
A. It leads to failure in college exams.
B. It’s helpful only in a limited way.
C. It’s possible to result in poor memory.
D. It increases students’ learning interest.
 
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If something that you’re doing doesn’t challenge you, then it doesn’t change you. We all need some normal stress in our lives, after all.    36    So challenge the following limits：
Figure out what you’re scared of and do it continuously.
If you’re a salesman, and you’re scared of talking to people personally or over the phone, now, instead of being scared and thinking you’ll fail, spend at least five minutes a day to pick up the phone and make a call.    37     But don’t stop on the first attempt! Eventually, you can look at fear in the eyes and say, “Go on, I’m not scared!”.
    38    
Make sure this hobby is not linked to your career; you have to relax and relieve your stress while performing this. Some examples might be cooking, sewing, painting and so on. Apart from helping you challenge yourself, taking a class for your hobby may also give you extra income.
Set aside at least nine minutes a day for physical exercise.
      39    A simple 9 - minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders for
yourself. Exercise can not only help you maintain your regular weight, but also make you feel better about yourself.
Travel and allow yourself to be interested in new people.
Don’t just limit yourself to your fellow travelers---try to connect with the service staff. You never know what kind of people they’re going to be. Get out of your house or go online right now to book your class.    40     
A. Someone may hang up on you.
B. You should do it continuously.
C. You don’t need to go to the gym.
D. Running in the gym may be a better choice.
E. Start to travel now and learn to challenge yourself.
F. Take a class for a hobby you’ve been longing to develop.
G. You can never see any improvement if you stick to your comfort zone.
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