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C
As an English learner, you want to be able to understand and to discuss a subject. You want to have the ability to express your opinions, and to support that opinion with a clear argument. You can learn these skills by learning how to debate.
In everyday conversation, Americans use the word debate to talk about discussions among people. When people debate, they give their own opinions about a topic.
Another use of the word debate describes a more formal discussion. Debaters work on a team to convince a judge that their opinion about a topic has more value than the opposite side’s.
Debate is part of the tradition of forensics started in Ancient Greece. The Greeks thought that, in a democracy, people needed to have certain skills. These skills included speaking in public in favor of an opinion, and providing evidence to support one’s opinion.
The Greeks supported the development of these skills by holding contests. Western education today continues the tradition with competitions between debate teams.
Charles LeBeau wrote a book with Michael Lubetsky called “Discover Debate” to help teachers understand a simple way to teach debate. The method depends on creating a kind of visual aid known as a graphic organizer. The visual aid reflects the way we talk about critical thinking and developing an argument.
Students work with the idea of building their argument just like they would build a house. They would draw their house on paper or a whiteboard and list:
• The focus of the discussion or the debate is the roof.
• The reasons and arguments are the “pillars” to support the roof.
• The data, numbers, examples, and expert opinions provide the concrete foundation.
The house approach gives students who have not experienced a debate in their own culture a way to plan what they will say to support their message.
28. You are debating when ____________.
A. you have an idea and discuss it with your classmates or friends
B. you are learning a foreign language and discussing a subject
C. you speak in protection of your opinions trying to convince others
D. you express your opinions in a competition before a judge
29. The book “Discover Debate” is intended for ___________.
A. teachers     B. debaters C. speech competitors   D. English students
30. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Ancient Greeks were fond of debating with opponents.
B. Ancient Greeks made speeches in public to express their ideas.
C. There are debating lessons in all Western schools today.
D. Drawing a house before making a speech helps the speaker a lot.
31. What does the underlined sentence (the last paragraph) suggest?
A. A house is helpful to planning a speech.
B. The house approach is useful for language learners.
C. It’s a good idea for English learners to learn the house approach.
D. Debate is a must for all students in the world.
D
There was daylight. Glass could tell that much without moving, but otherwise he had no idea of the time. He lay where he fell down the day before. His anger had carried him to the edge of the clearing (森林的空地), but his fever stopped him there.
The bear had hurt Glass from the outside and now the fever hurt from within. It felt to Glass as if he had been hollowed out. He trembled uncontrollably, dreaming of the warmth of a fire. Looking around, he saw that no smoke rose from the remains of the fire in the campsite. No fire, no warmth.
He wondered if he could at least go back to his blanket, and made a tentative effort to move. The movement caused something deep in his chest. He felt a cough coming on and tensed his stomach muscles to stop it. The muscles were painful from earlier battles, and despite his effort, the cough broke out. It felt like his inside was being torn out through his throat.
When the pain of coughing decreased, he focused again on the blanket.
I have to get warm. It took all his strength to lift his head. The blanket lay about twenty feet away. He rolled from his side to stomach, moving his left arm out in front of his body. Glass bent his left leg, then straightened it to push. Between his one good arm and his one good leg, he push-dragged himself across the clearing. Each breath drew like a cutting through his throat, and he felt again the trembling in his wounded back. He stretched to grab the blanket when it came within reach. He pulled it around his shoulders, embracing the weighty warmth of the Hudson Bay wool. The he passed out.
Through the long morning, Glass’s body fought against the infection of his wounds. He slipped between consciousness, unconsciousness and a confusing state, aware of his surroundings like random pages of a book, scattered glimpses of a story with no continuity to bind them. When conscious, he wished desperately to sleep again, if only to gain respite (暂缓) from the pain. Yet each interlude (中间) of sleep came with a terrifying thought that he might never wake again. Is this what it’s like to die?
32. From the passage, we know that __________.
A. Glass was a hunter who used to hunt bears in the forest
B. Even though Glass was wounded, he killed the bear at last
C. After fighting with a bear, Glass was seriously wounded
D. Glass lay in the clearing for a week without being found
33. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. All the other people were searching for Glass when he was lying in the clearing.
B. Glass managed to put the blanket around his shoulders before he passed away
C. With one good arm and one good leg, Glass pushed-dragged himself back home
D. The whole morning Glass was sometimes conscious and sometimes unconscious
34. Paragraph 5 of this passage mainly tells us ___________.
A. how Glass was wounded by a bear and died B. what happened to Glass before he recovered
C. why Glass tried to get his blanket back D. how Glass struggled to keep himself warm
35. We can infer from the passage that ___________.
A. a desire for life supported Glass to struggle against hardships   
B. life in the forest used to be hard for both animals and man
C. Hudson Bay was a small city where best wool was produced
D. Glass wanted to sleep as much as possible to recover soon
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